Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn’t pack the same emotional a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We don’t do that regularly — it’s the first time this school year, actually — and that’s what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we’d think apples — not a cupcake — are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report’s authors and director of UCSF’s Philip R.Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated.”
For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something’s got to change:
Many of the interventions(干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vendingmachines(自动售货机) and snack-bars sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.
“We’re not talking prohibition,” Schmidt said. “We’re not advocating a major imposition of the government into people’s lives. We’re talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated does. What we want is to actually increase people’s choices by making foods that aren’t loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.”
注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答 。
1. Why do some researchers think sugar should be considered “a controlled substance”?
[A] It contains nothing but empty calories.
[B] It is as harmful as morphine and heroin.
[C] It works the same way as alcohol and tobacco in the human body.
[D] Excessive intake of sugar results in liver toxicity and various diseases.
2. What might be Americans’ attitude towards government regulation of sugar consumption?
[A] Enthusiastic. [B] Indifferent. [C] Disapproving. [D] Supportive.
3. What is a consequence of excessive sugar intake worldwide?
[A] It contributes to35 million noninfectious disease-related deaths a year.
[B] It has increased the death toll nearly three times in the past 50 years.
[C] It contributes to the rise of prices of sugar and sugary foods.
[D] It has increased the global obesity rate to some 17 percent.
4. The food industry tries to relieve the public worry about sugar intake by suggesting that .
[A] sugar is no more than a source of energy
[B] sugar is not harmful like alcohol or tobacco
[C] the hazard of sugar to the body is exaggerated
[D] the consumption of sugar is easily controllable
5. According to Brownell, liquid sugar .
[A] is especially attractive to young children
[B] is much easier and quicker to absorb than solid sugar
[C] effectively stimulates people’s appetite
[D] increases your calorie intake without your knowing it
6. What does the author think of the practice of imposing sugar taxes?
[A] It will harm the food and drink industry. [B] It is unlikely to yield the intended effect.
[C] It is likely to alter people’s eating habits. [D] It can steer kids away from sugar foods.
7. Regulating sugar will prove tricky because .
[A] people consume sugar in large quantities [B] nothing has been found to replace sugar
[C] sugar may convey a sense of love [D] many foods will become tasteless
8. In order to reduce sugar consumption, education should be conducted to raise people’s awareness of its .
9. To address the sugar problem, the author suggests that the licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars selling high sugar products be .
10. A gentle way to steer people away from sugar is to make inexpensive, low-sugar foods
.
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 。
11. [A] He needs another week for the painting. [B] The painting was completed just in time.
[C] The building won’t open until next week. [D] His artistic work has been well received.
12. [A] Go camping. [B] Rent a tent.
[C] Decorate his house. [D] organize a party.
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